BIOFOODTECH : Journal of Bioenergy and Food Technology

FRONT MATTER BIOFOODTECH VOLUME 5 NOMOR 1 JUNI 2026

Erista Adisetya — 2026-07-14

FRONT MATTER BIOFOODTECH VOLUME 5 NOMOR 1 JUNI 2026

Evaluasi Sirkularitas Material pada Produk Kertas Daur Ulang menggunakan Material Circularity Indicator (MCI): Studi Kasus UMKM Agroindustri

Syafitri Nazwa Rizqita — 2026-06-09

This study evaluates material circularity in recycled paper products within a small-scale agroindustrial system. The increasing volume of paper waste and the dominance of linear production models highlight the need for more efficient material utilization through circular economy approaches. This research aims to quantify the level of material circularity and identify inefficiencies in the production system. A mixed-method approach was employed using an exploratory case study at Palka Kreatif, a small-scale recycled paper enterprise in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Qualitative data were obtained through direct observation and interviews to map the material flow, while quantitative analysis was conducted using the Material Circularity Indicator to assess resource efficiency based on material input, waste generation, and product utility. The results show that the Material Circularity Indicator value ranges from 0.52 to 0.58, indicating that the system operates in a predominantly circular manner. The high circularity is mainly driven by the use of 100 percent recycled feedstock, eliminating the need for virgin materials. However, the system has not reached optimal circularity due to the presence of unrecovered production residues and the absence of post-consumption material recovery. These findings highlight that improving waste reintegration and establishing a product take-back system are critical to achieving a fully circular production system. This study contributes to the application of material circularity assessment in small-scale agroindustrial systems and supports the development of sustainable production strategies.

Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Sifat Fisikokimia serta Organoleptik Cookies Berbahan Tepung Gembili dan Mocaf dengan Penambahan Bubuk Kayu Manis

Arvi Yashinta Andeswari — 2026-06-22

This study aims to examine the effect of varying ratios of gembili tuber flour and mocaf flour, as well as cinnamon powder concentration, on the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of cookies. The study used a two-factor Complete Block Design (CBD), namely the gembili flour to mocaf flour ratio (80 g:20 g, 60 g:40 g, 50 g:50 g) and cinnamon powder concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) with two replicates. The parameters analyzed included moisture content, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, carbohydrates, and organoleptic tests (color, aroma, taste, and texture). The results showed that the flour ratio had a significant effect on all parameters except color, taste, and texture. Meanwhile, the addition of cinnamon powder had a significant effect on moisture content, ash, fiber, fat, carbohydrates, and color, but had no effect on protein or the organoleptic tests for aroma, taste, and texture. The best cookies were produced in treatment T2B3 (60% gembili flour : 40% mocaf with 1.5% cinnamon), yielding a moisture content of 2.69%, ash 5.21%, crude fiber 5.86%, fat 12.54%, protein 4.16%, carbohydrates 76.73%, and a panelist preference score of 5.45 (in the “agak suka” category).

Pembuatan Shampo Berbahan Baku Minyak Kelapa dengan Penambahan Infused Oil Bunga Kenanga

Febri Kusuma — 2026-06-23

The purpose of this research is to find out: (1) To find out the effect of the proportions of coconut oil and Cananga odorata on the characteristics of shampoo, (2) To find out the effect of adding Cananga odorata infused oil on the characteristics of shampoo, (3) To find out composition the proportions of coconut oil and Cananga odorata and the addition of Cananga odorata infused oil produced a shampoo with the highest preferrence score. This research uses a Complete Block Design (RBL) with two factors and two replications. The first factor is the ratio of coconut oil and cananga odorata in making cananga odorata infused oil with 3 levels, namely 120:20 grams (6:1), 160:20 grams (8:1), and 200:20 grams (10:1), while the second factor is the addition of Cananga odorata infused oil, namely 30 grams, 40 grams and 50 grams. The results showed that: (1) the proportions of coconut oil and Cananga odorata oil affected the cleaning power and aroma organoleptic, but did not affect the pH, foam stability, density, viscosity and color and texture organoleptic. (2) The addition of Cananga odorata infused oil affected the viscosity, cleaning power and color organoleptic, but did not affect the pH, foam stability, density and aroma and texture organoleptic. (3) The overall preferences for shampoo was in the neutral category for all treatments, with the highest value of 3.76 at the proportion of coconut oil and Cananga odorata 200:20 grams with the addition of 40 grams of Cananga odorata infused oil.

Analisis Sensori dan Daya Terima Konsumen terhadap Snack Bar Gluten-Free berbasis Tepung Pisang, Sorgum dan Talas

Elfani Devitasari — 2026-06-23

This study aims to analyze the sensory characteristics and consumer acceptance of gluten-free snack bars made from banana flour, sorghum flour, and taro flour, each used as the main ingredient separately. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments: banana flour snack bars (P1), sorghum flour snack bars (P2), and taro flour snack bars (P3), each with three replicates. Sensory evaluation was conducted by 30 semi-trained panelists using hedonic and descriptive intensity tests for the attributes of color, aroma, texture, and taste. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level. The results showed that the type of flour affected the aroma and taste attributes but had no significant effect on the likability scores for color and texture. The banana flour-based snack bars received the highest likability scores for color (3.80) and taste (3.47), while the sorghum flour-based snack bars received the highest likability score for aroma (3.87) and the highest color intensity score (4.60). All treatments showed a relatively similar level of texture acceptability, with a score of 3.07. The taro flour-based snack bars received the lowest scores for aroma and flavor. The results of the study indicate that banana flour and sorghum flour have better sensory characteristics and higher levels of consumer acceptance than taro flour, making them potential raw materials for the development of gluten-free snack bars based on local foods.

Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Penerimaan Konsumen Mayonnaise Rendah Lemak dengan Whey Protein (Shandong Kawah) sebagai Fat Replacer

Elisa Tri Nursari — 2026-06-24

Increasing public awareness of healthy eating patterns has led to growing demand for low-fat food products with good sensory quality and nutritional value. Regular mayonnaise is high in fat and cholesterol because it uses oil and egg yolk as emulsifiers.Whey protein can emulsify and form gels, so it could replace egg yolk in low-fat mayonnaise.This study looked at how different amounts of whey protein affect the physicochemical properties, rheology, and consumer acceptance of mayonnaise. Low-fat mayonnaise was formulated with five concentrations of whey protein (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%) using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two replications. Parameters analyzed included moisture, fat, protein content, pH, viscosity, texture, color, emulsion stability, and hedonic tests. Results showed that increasing whey protein concentrations reduced fat content (from 37.68% to 29.87%) and increased protein content (from 2.86% to 5.08%). Viscosity increased substantially from 16.09 cP (control) to 38.99 cP at 8% whey protein, and emulsion stability improved from 87.10% (at 2% whey protein) to 100% at 8%, comparable to the control.High viscosity combined with a soft texture contributed to a more stable and sensorily preferred emulsion structure. The formulation with 4% whey protein provided the best balance of physical stability and consumer acceptance, achieving the highest overall hedonic score (3.17). Overall, this means whey protein can act as a functional alternative for developing healthier low-fat mayonnaise.

Karakteristik Fisiokimia Minuman Serbuk Siwalan Berbahan Dasar Buah Siwalan dan Buah Nanas

Syarifa Ramadhani Nurbaya — 2026-06-25

The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics of siwalan powder beverages made from siwalan fruit (Borassus flabellifer L.) and pineapple (Ananas comosus). This study employed a factorial design with two factors. The first factor was proportion of siwalan and pineapple juice (90:10, 70:30, 50:50), while the second factor was the concentration of egg white powder (5%, 10%, 15%). The experiment was repeated three times. The best treatment was the siwalan powder drink (used foam mat drying method) with a siwalan-to-pineapple ratio of 90% : 10% and an egg white powder concentration of 10%, which had the following characteristics: moisture content 7.77%, vitamin C 0.05%, antioxidant activity 170.64 ppm (weak), solubility 43.26%, yield 18.01%, L* value of 81.57, a+ value of 4.84, and b+ value of 15.01. Siwalan powder drink can be one of the instant powdered beverages made from natural ingredients that are beneficial to health

Karakteristik Dupa Aromaterapi dari Campuran Cangkang Kelapa Sawit dengan Bubuk Serai dan Variasi Perekat

Aidah Adzra Pratama — 2026-07-03

Aromatherapy incense is a type of incense made from natural ingredients that when burned produces a certain aroma with the aim of providing a relaxing or therapeutic effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of mixing shells and lemongrass powder and the type of adhesive on the quality of aromatherapy incense and to find out which incense produces a longer burning rate and is most preferred. In this study, a research method was used with an experimental design, namely a Randmized Complete Bloc Design (RCBD) of two factors, the first factor was the ratio of palm shell powder to lemongrass powder consisting of 3 levels (2: 1, 1: 1, 1: 2) and the second factor was the variation of adhesive consisting of 3 levels (gondorukem, damar resin, pine resin) with two repetitions. The results of this study indicate that the ratio of palm shells to lemongrass powder significantly affects the burning rate of incense, the type of adhesive affects the water content, and does not affect the ash content and density. The comparison of palm shells with lemongrass powder (1:2) in sample A3 and pine resin adhesive (B3) produced incense with the highest level of liking, and the lowest burning rate of 0.0414 g/minute.

Pemetaan Konsumsi Energi Spesifik (Specific Energy Consumption) dan Neraca Massa Proses Pengolahan Teh Hijau di Pusat Penelitian Teh dan Kina (PPTK) Gambung

Akbar Fathurrachman — 2026-07-06

Green tea processing is an energy-intensive agro-industrial activity, particularly during the enzyme inactivation and multi-stage drying phases. Efficient use of energy in such facilities is essential for operational sustainability yet baseline data at the unit-process level remain scarce for Indonesian factories. This study aimed to (i) determine the mass balance and process yield, (ii) quantify the electrical and thermal Specific Energy Consumption (SEC) at each processing stage, and (iii) identify the primary energy-waste hotspots within the gate-to-gate boundary of the green tea production system at the Research Institute for Tea and Cinchona (PPTK) Gambung, West Java. Data were collected through direct field measurement (clamp meter, moisture analyser, and logsheets) across 8 production batches during January–March 2026. The total production yield was 19.82%, reflecting the large moisture reduction from fresh shoots (>75% moisture content, wet basis) to the final packaged dry product (<4%). Total SEC of the system reached 34.56 MJ/kg of product, dominated by the thermal energy load of 32.65 MJ/kg (94.48%), with electrical energy contributing 1.91 MJ/kg (equivalent to 0.5302 kWh/kg). Hotspot analysis identified the final drying unit (Ball tea) as the largest single consumer, accounting for the highest share of thermal energy load and exhibiting a low thermal efficiency of only 16.75%. The Rotary Panner (enzyme inactivation) and the Endless Chain Pressure (ECP, first-stage drying) also constituted significant thermal contributors. These findings indicate that improvement priorities should focus on thermal insulation and combustion system modernisation at the main heating units to reduce specific energy consumption and operational energy waste.

Optimization of Extracellular Cellulose in Nata de Citrullus Using Natural Nitrogen Derived from Glycine max-Based Soybean Sprout Extract

Lovena Destawari — 2026-07-10

Watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus) constitutes a substantial fraction of post-harvest agricultural waste in tropical countries, particularly Indonesia. Its carbohydrate-rich composition makes it a viable substrate for bacterial cellulose fermentation, specifically for the production of nata de Citrullus. However, the efficiency of cellulose biosynthesis by Acetobacter xylinum is critically constrained by the availability of nitrogen in the fermentation medium. This study investigated how varying concentrations of soybean sprout extract (Glycine max) as a natural nitrogen source influence the physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of nata de Citrullus produced from watermelon rind. A completely randomized design (CRD) was employed with four treatment levels of soybean sprout extract concentration: 0% (A1, control), 10% (A2), 25% (A3), and 50% (A4), with four replications per treatment. Fermentation was conducted over 14 days under ambient conditions using A. xylinum as the inoculant. Key parameters evaluated included nata thickness, wet yield, final fermentation pH, and organoleptic quality (texture, flavor, aroma, and appearance). Results demonstrated a consistent and statistically meaningful positive relationship between soybean extract concentration and nata quality. The control treatment (0%) yielded no cellulose layer, confirming the indispensability of an exogenous nitrogen source. Treatment A4 (50%) produced nata with the greatest thickness (8.3 mm) and highest wet weight (301 g), accompanied by the most substantial decline in pH (from 4.2 to 2.7), indicating peak fermentative activity. Organoleptic evaluation by 25 panelists revealed predominantly favorable scores that increased significantly with soybean extract concentration for all four attributes (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001), with A4 (50%) obtaining the highest mean scores (4.68–4.72 on a 5-point hedonic scale) and no significant difference from A3 (25%). Soybean sprout extract from Glycine max functions effectively as a natural, food-safe nitrogen source in nata fermentation, with concentration directly governing the quality of the final product. These findings support its adoption as a sustainable alternative to synthetic nitrogen compounds in functional food biotechnology.

Pengaruh Metode Penyeduhan dan Penambahan Jenis Ekstrak Jeruk terhadap Karakteristik Seduhan Kopi Liberika Honey Process

Rizki Galeh Prayoga — 2026-07-13

This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of Liberica honey coffee enriched with different citrus extracts (lemon, Sunkist orange, and lime) prepared using three brewing methods, namely French press, V60, and cold brew, as well as to assess panelists' preferences for the resulting beverages. A two-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was employed with two replications. Factor A consisted of brewing methods (French press, V60, and cold brew), while Factor B comprised the addition of citrus extracts (lime, Sunkist orange, and lemon). The evaluated parameters included pH, vitamin C content, total color difference, caffeine content, and sensory attributes (color, taste, and aroma). The results indicated that the combination of the cold brew method and lemon extract (A3B3) achieved the highest overall preference score from the panelists, with a mean value of 5.48..