AGROISTA : Jurnal Agroteknologi

Keragaman Morfologi dalam Galur dan Hubungan Kekerabatan Enam Galur Kacang Bambara (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdcourt) sebagai Dasar Seleksi Tetua Pemuliaan

2026-06-12T10:39:40+07:00

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is a drought-tolerant legume with high nutritional value, yet its development in Indonesia remains constrained by low productivity and seed heterogeneity due to the absence of established national varieties. This study aimed to evaluate morphological variability within lines and determine the phylogenetic relationships among six bambara groundnut lines: SS 3.4.2, SS 2.4.2, PWBG 6, BBL 1.1, CCC 1.6, and TVSU 86. Morphological characterization was conducted based on IPGRI descriptors, covering 15 quantitative and 8 qualitative traits. Intra-line variability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV), while phylogenetic relationships were analyzed through UPGMA cluster analysis with Simple Matching Coefficient using MVSP 3.2 software, performed separately for qualitative traits and for combined quantitative–qualitative traits. Results showed that yield-related characters such as pod length, pod width, seed length, and seed width exhibited very high CV values across all lines, indicating the need for further intensive selection to achieve phenotypic stability. Qualitative analysis produced similarity values of 85%–100%, while the combined analysis yielded 50%–88%, demonstrating greater discriminating power among lines. Based on component yield performance, the SS 3.4.2 line excelled in pod length, pod width, and seed width; the SS 2.4.2 line excelled in seed length and seed width; while the PWBG 6 line excelled in pod length and possessed the farthest genetic distance. Lines from these different clusters are recommended as crossing parent combinations: SS 3.4.2 × SS 2.4.2; SS 2.4.2 × PWBG 6; as well as their reciprocals, for yield component improvement and broader genetic variability. These findings confirm the utility of morphological characterization as a foundational approach for parental selection in bambara groundnut breeding programs.

Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan dan Interaksi Faktor Pembatas Tanaman Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.) Berbasis Kriteria Sys Di Pagerharjo, Kulon Progo

2026-05-06T15:20:32+07:00

Land suitability plays a critical role in determining the productivity and sustainability of Arabica coffee cultivation, particularly in areas with complex environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate land suitability and analyze the interaction of limiting factors for Arabica coffee cultivation in Pagerharjo, Kulon Progo. A field survey method was employed using land mapping units as the basis of analysis. Soil physical and chemical properties, topographic conditions, and climate data were collected through field observation, laboratory analysis, and secondary data sources. Land suitability was assessed using Sys criteria, which integrate climate, soil, and topographic characteristics through a semi-quantitative and interpretative approach. The results showed that land suitability was dominated by moderately suitable class (S2), with several units classified as highly suitable (S1), and a small portion as marginally suitable (S3). The main limiting factors included temperature (tc), oxygen availability (oa), rooting conditions (rc), and erosion hazard (eh), which interactively influenced land performance. Improvements such as organic matter addition, drainage enhancement, and soil conservation increased land suitability from actual to potential conditions. However, temperature remained a persistent limiting factor due to its role in regulating plant physiological processes and its dependence on macro-environmental conditions. This study demonstrates that land suitability is determined by complex interactions among soil, topography, and climate rather than single factors. The Sys-based approach provides a more comprehensive evaluation by capturing these interactions and identifying both manageable and permanent constraints. These findings highlight the importance of integrated land evaluation for site-specific management and sustainable development of Arabica coffee cultivation.

Potensi dan Distribusi Limbah Biomassa Pertanian sebagai Penghasil Bioenergi di Kabupaten Gunungkidul

2026-05-05T14:16:07+07:00

Agricultural waste has the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly source of bioenergy. This study aims to determine the potential of agricultural waste as a bioenergy source, assess the amount of bioenergy that can be generated, and identify the distribution of this energy potential within Gunungkidul Regency. This study utilizes agricultural commodity production data from the Gunungkidul Regency Agriculture Office. Biomass waste estimates were calculated using the RPR (residue-to-product ratio). Estimates of the energy produced were calculated by multiplying the estimated agricultural waste by the lower heating value (LHV) for each commodity. Data on waste utilization was collected through in-depth interviews with key figures at the Gunungkidul Regency Agriculture Office. The estimated energy values for each subdistrict were mapped using ArcGIS Pro and visualized as a color gradient. The study results indicate that the total estimated agricultural waste in Gunungkidul amounts to 1,808,807 tons per year. The primary crops contributing the highest volume of agricultural waste are cassava, corn, rice, and bananas. This agricultural waste has the potential to be processed into bioenergy in the form of bioethanol, biobriquettes, biochar, biotanol, or biogas. The districts with high-potential bioenergy from agricultural waste are Saptosari, Semin, and Ponjong, which are dominated by dryland farming of cassava, upland rice, and corn. The majority of areas in Gunungkidul Regency have moderate bioenergy potential. Agricultural waste in Gunungkidul Regency has the potential to be processed into bioenergy to foster energy self-sufficiency in each area of the regency.

Pengaruh Konsentrasi NAA dan BAP terhadap Induksi Kalus Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.)

2026-05-05T10:12:30+07:00

Gambier is generally propagated both generatively and vegetatively. However, these methods require a long time and often result in non uniform quality. Tissue culture is an alternative technique that can improve gambier quality within a relatively shorter period through callus induction. This Study aimed to determine the best concentrations of NAA, BAP, and their combination for inducing callus. This research was conducted at the Reproduction and Breeding Laboratory of Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau State Islamic University. This study employed an experimental method using a factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the concentration of NAA (0 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 0.75 mg/L, 1 mg/L), while the second factor was the concentration of BAP (0 mg/L, 0.75 mg/L, 1.5 mg/L, 2.25 mg/L). In total, 20 treatment combinations were arranged in five replications. The observed parameters includes time to callus initiation, percentage of callus formation, callus texture, and callus color. The results showed that NAA at 0.5 mg/L was the best concentration for gambier callus induction, while BAP at 1.5 mg/L was also optimal for the purpose. The combination of 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.5 mg/L BAP was the best treatment, accelerating callus initiation to 15.1 days after planting (DAP), with 50% yellowish-white callus and 60% friable texture.

Perubahan Sifat Kimia Tanah Entisols, Respons Agronomis, dan Produktivitas Padi setelah Lima Tahun Penerapan Sistem Organik dan Kimia di Wukirsari, Sleman, Yogyakarta

2026-05-07T09:21:36+07:00

Sustaining rice production while reducing soil degradation has become an important challenge in intensively cultivated paddy fields, particularly on Entisols that are highly responsive to management practices. This study evaluated changes in the chemical properties of Entisols and their implications for rice agronomic performance after five years of organic and chemical management in Wukirsari, Sleman, Yogyakarta. Soil samples were collected from paddy fields under organic and chemical systems and analyzed for pH, C-organic, organic matter, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and total B. Agronomic parameters and grain yield were also observed. The organic system gradually improved major soil chemical properties, particularly pH, C-organic, organic matter, available P, exchangeable Ca, and Mg. Relative change analysis showed that the strongest positive responses under organic management occurred in organic matter, available P, exchangeable K, Mg, and total B after five years. These improvements were followed by better root dry weight density, root length, and productive tiller number. Rice productivity under organic management increased from 5.2 t ha⁻¹ in the first year to 7.5 t ha⁻¹ in the fifth year, which was not significantly different from the chemical system (7.8 t ha⁻¹). These findings indicate that long-term organic management can progressively improve soil fertility and maintain rice productivity, implying that organic-based management is a promising strategy for sustaining paddy production while enhancing soil quality in Entisol-dominated agricultural areas.

Uji Efektivitas Konsentrasi dan Lama Perendaman Larutan KNO₃ terhadap Daya Perkecambahan dan Viabilitas Benih Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Kedaluwarsa Varietas INPARI-32

2026-05-05T10:32:50+07:00

In rice, germination and early seedling growth are significantly influenced by seed viability. Viability is decreased by seed deterioration during storage, especially in older seeds. The purpose of this study was to ascertain how soaking time and potassium nitrate (KNO₃) concentration affected the germination and viability of old rice seeds (Oryza sativa L.) of the Inpari-32 variety. KNO₃ concentrations (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) and soaking times (24, 30, and 36 hours) were the two elements that determined the experiment's Completely Randomised Design (CRD). The percentage of normal seedlings, aberrant seedlings, vigour index, germination percentage, and non-germinated seeds were among the parameters noted. The results indicated that KNO₃ concentration significantly increased germination, with the highest percentage of normal seedlings obtained at 3% KNO₃ showing an increase of (48.33%) compared to the control and followed by 2% KNO₃ with an increase of (47.77%), compared to the control (32.22%). The length of the soaking period had a significantly significant impact; 36 hours produced the highest germination percentage (59.58%), followed by 30 hours (47.30%) and 24 hours (15.90%). There was no discernible relationship between the amount of KNO₃ and the length of soaking. While longer soaking times improved water imbibition and triggered physiological processes, the administration of KNO₃ increased seed metabolic activity. In conclusion, old rice seeds' viability and vigour were successfully increased by KNO₃ concentrations of 2-3% and a 36-hour soaking period; however, the improvement was insufficient to reach a high vigour category.